Antibody corn bining sites and oligosaccharide determinants studied by competitive binding, sequencing and X-ray crystallography
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A b s t r a c t S y n t h e t i c o l i g o s a c c h a r i d e s a n d p o l y s a c c h a r i d e s o f known s t r u c t u r e h a v e b e e n c o v a l e n t l y a t t a c h e d t o c a r r i e r p r o t e i n a n d e n z y m e s f o r u s e i n a s t r a t e g y t o g e n e r a t e a n d s e l e c t m o n o c l o n a l a n t i b o d i e s w i t h w e l l d e f i n e d c a r b o h y d r a t e b i n d i n g p r o f i l e s . D i r e c t c o m p e t i t i v e b i n d i n g a s s a y s u t i l i z i n g a n t i b o d y b o u n d t o a s o l i d p h a s e a n d s a c c h a r i d e e n z y m e c o n j u g a t e s p r o v i d e d c o n v e n i e n t a n d r e l i a b l e m e a s u r e m e n t o f s p e c i f i c i t y . P r o t o c o l s were d e v e l o p e d t o p r e p a r e t h e s e c a r b o h y d r a t e e n z y m e c o n j u g a t e s . A n t i b o d i e s s p e c i f i c f o r t h e B r u c e l l a A a n d M p o l y s a c c h a r i d e / a n t i g e n w e r e s e l e c t e d a n d c h a r a c t e r i z e d by t h e s e t e c h n i q u e s . The c r y s t a l s t r u c t u r e o f a n F a b f r a g m e n t d e r i v e d f r o m o n e a n t i b o d y h a s b e e n s o l v e d a t 2 . 7 A r e s o l u t i o n . P r e l i m i n a r y c r y s t a l s t r u c t u r e d a t a i n c o n j u n c t i o n w i t h t h e a m i n o a c i d s e q u e n c e o f l i g h t a n d F d p o l y p e p t i d e c h a i n s i m p 1 i c a t e t y r o s i n e , a r g i n i n e , a s p a r a g i n e , g l u t a m i n e a n d a s p a r t i c a c i d a s t h e r e s i d u e s t h a t c o n t a c t a n t i g e n . A s e c o n d a n t i b o d y a n t i g e n s y s t e m i n v o l v i n g t h e S h i g e l l a f l e x n e r i Y a n t i g e n h a s b e e n s t u d i e d b y a s i m i l a r a p p r o a c h , a l t h o u g h i n t h i s c a s e two d i s t i n c t a n t i b o d i e s h a v e b e e n s u b j e c t e d t o d e t a i l e d b i n d i n g s t u d i e s w i t h o l i g o s a c c h a r i d e f r a g m e n t s o f t h e p o l y s a c c h a r i d e r e p e a t i n g u n i t a n d s p e c i f i c a l l y m o d i f i e d d e r i v a t i v e s . T h e s e d a t a s u p p o r t t h e c o n t e n t i o n t h a t t h e p r i n c i p a l p o l a r i n t e r a c t i o n s b e t w e e n a n o l i g o s a c c h a r i d e a n d i t s a n t i b o d y i n v o l v e a smal l g r o u p o f h y d r o x y l r e s i d u e s a n d t h a t s p e c i f i c a l l y d e o x y g e n a t e d o l i g o s a c c h a r i d e i n h i b i t o r s c a n h a v e a s s o c i a t i o n c o n s t a n t s s i g n i f i c a n t l y h i g h e r t h a n t h e n a t u r a l ol i g o s a c c h a r i d e .
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